There is a long list of fascinating cognitive biases in humans, including confirmation bias, conservatism bias, clustering illusion, selection bias, cognitive dissonance, egocentric bias, agent-detection bias, and anthropomorphism, among many others. Individuals exhibit a range of behaviors, driven by both emotional and rational motivations, in response to varying environmental stimuli. From an individual perspective, it is possible to identify numerous instances of failure and error that can be attributed to specific behaviours.
Although psychological vulnerability is a factor, it would be a mistake to underestimate the achievements made at the sociological level. This is not to discuss crowd erratic behaviours, for example, but rather sophisticated social constructs such as institutions (school, town-halls, states, sports, cultures, religions, businesses, scientific corpus, and so on).
Institutions usually survive their founders. They can have a finite lifespan but some are so persistent, beyond the people who have created them, that we must conceptualise them as "new organisms" in the Third Evolution model. This is Collective Intelligence from human beings with a firm longlasting influence.
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| The United Nation General Assembly Photo ONU/ Manuel Elias |
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